منابع مشابه
Blurred Lines: Pathogens, Commensals, and the Healthy Gut
Detailed studies of the chickenmicrobiome have emerged in recent years, largely due to the impact of next-generation sequencing (NGS). We increasingly understand how the microbiome is important in health, in development of the gut and the immune system, and in maintenance of homeostasis. Manipulation of the microbiota directly through probiotics or antimicrobials or indirectly through feed and ...
متن کاملAnaerobic bacteria in cystic fibrosis: pathogens or harmless commensals?
2004;27:453e8. 9. Hillman DR, Murphy AS, Pezzullo L. The Economic Cost of Sleep Disorders. Sleep 2006;29:299e305. 10. Mar J, Rueda JR, Durán-Cantolla J, et al. The costeffectiveness of nCPAP treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 2003;21:515e22. 11. Tan MC, Ayas NT, Mulgrew A, et al. Costeffectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure therapy i...
متن کاملComparative In silico Analysis of Butyrate Production Pathways in Gut Commensals and Pathogens
Biosynthesis of butyrate by commensal bacteria plays a crucial role in maintenance of human gut health while dysbiosis in gut microbiome has been linked to several enteric disorders. Contrastingly, butyrate shows cytotoxic effects in patients with oral diseases like periodontal infections and oral cancer. In addition to these host associations, few syntrophic bacteria couple butyrate degradatio...
متن کاملCephalosporinases associated with outer membrane vesicles released by Bacteroides spp. protect gut pathogens and commensals against β-lactam antibiotics
OBJECTIVES To identify β-lactamase genes in gut commensal Bacteroides species and to assess the impact of these enzymes, when carried by outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), in protecting enteric pathogens and commensals. METHODS A deletion mutant of the putative class A β-lactamase gene (locus tag BT_4507) found in the genome of the human commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was constructed and...
متن کاملAre Members of the Fungal Genus Pneumocystis (a) Commensals; (b) Opportunists; (c) Pathogens; or (d) All of the Above?
Members of the genus Pneumocystis are microscopic yeast-like fungi that reside in the lungs of almost every mammal that has been evaluated for their presence. They grow extracellularly in the alveoli of mammals and are considered to be host obligate, as they cannot grow outside the lung on artificial media. Pneumocystis species (spp.) are typically restricted to the lungs, although extrapulmona...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Immunology
سال: 2012
ISSN: 1529-2908,1529-2916
DOI: 10.1038/ni.2442